For this debate, assume that juries in criminal cases only decide the verdict (guilty or not) and do not sentence.

Expert juries are juries consisting of 2/3 non-lawyers who take a 4-week course about criminal law and then take on a 20h paid part-time job in the court to decide criminal cases for a duration of 1-2years. To become an expert jury you have to complete a competitive hiring process.

Lay Juries are randomly selected by mail and then further picked by the prosecutor and defence attorney. These juries have no legal knowledge and do not get any teaching on the functioning of the law. They only act as jury for one case after which they are dismissed again. They are partially compensated for their time.

Cardinal Fridolin Ambongo Besungu from the Democratic Republic of the Congo is a significant voice in the African Catholic Church. On theology, he’s a more conservative voice in the Catholic Church, publicly emphasizing the importance of upholding traditional Catholic teachings on marriage and sexuality. He is known for his strong social justice advocacy, frequently condemning economic exploitation, environmental destruction and is a critical voice against neocolonialism in Africa.

Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle from the Philippines one of the most progressive voices in the Catholic Church and is often viewed as a close ally of Pope Francis. Tagle has been vocal about the Church’s treatment of marginalized communities, particularly LGBTQ individuals, divorced and remarried Catholics, and migrants. While he has not explicitly advocated for doctrinal changes, his speeches often highlight compassion over rigid rules and he has warned against a judgmental Church that alienates people rather than bringing them closer to Christ. Additionally, Tagle has famously championed the cause of refugees and migrant laborers, calling for more humane immigration policies.